Callus

Callus

A callus is a natural protective response of the skin. It develops in weight‑bearing areas or anywhere
the skin experiences repeated pressure or friction. Over time, the body builds extra layers of hardened
skin to shield the underlying tissues.

Other Names for Callus

• Hyperkeratosis – the medical term for thickened skin

• Plantar callus – when it appears on the sole of the foot

• Keratotic lesion – another clinical term for thickened skin

• Pressure callus – emphasises the cause (pressure or friction)

Why Calluses Form

• Normal pressure from walking or standing

• Friction from footwear or being barefoot

• Repetitive activities

• Certain skin conditions (e.g., psoriasis) can also cause thickened skin

• Temperature extremes (excess heat or cold) may contribute indirectly

• Fungal infections often coexist because fungi feed on dead skin layers

When Calluses Need Care

Although calluses are usually harmless, they may require treatment if they:

• Become too thick

• Cause pain or discomfort

• Develop cracks that can lead to infection

• Lead to reduced light‑touch sensation or a feeling of numbness due to excess pressure on underlying nerves

• Interfere with walking or daily activities

Management & Natural Remedies

• Podiatrist reduction: Safe, professional trimming when callus buildup is excessive

• Weekly pumice stone use after soaking to gently reduce thickness

• Keratolytic creams (e.g., urea or salicylic acid) may be recommended to soften the skin

• Vinegar foot soaks can help soften dead skin and may support management when fungal
  involvement is suspected